Neurodevelopmental and Neurobehavioral Outcomes of Prematurity

As perinatal medical care has improved, the most prevalent aftermath of preterm birth has shifted to developmental and behavioral deficits without motor disabilities. Compared to individuals born at term, individuals born preterm, particularly those born before 32 weeks’ gestational age, have poorer cognition, executive function, attention span, processing speed, language skills, and academic outcomes. They are at elevated risk for developing behavioral and emotional conditions, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, autism, depression and mood disorder. Individuals born preterm have long-term differences in brain structure. Interventions for individuals are critical, beginning in early years.