Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn

At birth, the fetus transitions from placental to pulmonary gas exchange, leading to decreased pulmonary vascular resistance and increased blood flow. This process continues for weeks, but persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) can occur due to abnormal vascular development, affecting about 2 in 1,000 live births. PPHN is characterized by elevated pulmonary vascular resistance often linked to lung conditions like meconium aspiration, asphyxia, or congenital anomalies. Early recognition and treatment are crucial due to high neonatal mortality and potential long-term complications. Clinicians must remain vigilant, especially when hypoxemia exceeds expected lung pathology severity.