Anne R. Waldrop, Maurice L. Druzin
Fetal brain development is highly sensitive to the effects of intrauterine environmental conditions. Medical conditions of a pregnant individual may contribute to abnormal fetal and neonatal neurodevelopment through direct and indirect mechanisms, including fetal growth restriction, medication exposure, endocrine abnormalities, preterm birth, infection, and alloimmune disease. This chapter includes a review of several of the most common diseases in pregnancy and the associated effects on fetal neurodevelopment.