Junge Chen, Yuxuan Liu, Bozhang Xia, Julien Milon Essola, Xing-Jie Liang
Wei and colleagues reported a pH-responsive, charge-switchable polyzwitterionic polymer carrier that achieves non-invasive transdermal insulin delivery without external energy input. The approach leverages adaptive compatibility with the cutaneous microenvironment to shuttle functional macromolecules across intact skin and achieve definitive systemic therapeutic outcomes.