Zazie Franck, Sanne Hofstraat, Lotte Jonker, Leyla Kragten, Chiara Messina, Ricardo M. Fernandes, Patricia Bruijning-Verhagen, Alex Farr, Levi Hoste, Zoi Dorothea Pana, Dita Smíšková, Søren Hagstrøm, Piia Jõgi, Hanna M. Nohynek, Pierre Frange, Tristan Delory, Natia Pkhaladze, Mario Rüdiger, Emmanuel Roilides, Gayerhosz Katalin, Valtýr Thors, Eugene Dempsey, Sandra Trapani, Dace Zavadska, Diana Ramašauskaitė, Isabel de la Fuente Garcia, Charles Savona-Ventura, Nikolina Zdraveska, Håvard Ove Skjerven, Marek Migdał, Victor Daniel Miron, Maja Stošić, Miha Lucovnik Proh, Federico Martinón-Torres, Verena Sengpiel, A. Naef, Alla Volokha, Paul G. Heath
BACKGROUND: Following approval of the first Maternal RSV vaccine (MV) and long-acting monoclonal RSV antibody (la-mAbs) in Europe, several countries have begun integrating the products into their infant RSV immunization programs. METHODS: Based on a survey supplemented by policy documents, this paper provides a descriptive, policy-focused cross-sectional overview of RSV immunization strategies across 32 European countries. RESULTS: As of September 2025, 22 countries offered programmatic RSV prophylaxis for infants. Of these, 5 use only MV, 10 use only la-mAbs and 7 countries offer both. Considerable variation was observed in programmatic approaches with respect to (gestational) age of administration, delivery pathways, eligibility criteria for mothers and infants, and reimbursement mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS: The RSV immunization policy landscape in Europe is diverse and dynamic, presenting both challenges and opportunities for shared learning and policy development.