Sustainable materials for sorptive extraction techniques

Interest in sustainable materials for sorptive extraction techniques has grown significantly in recent years, in line with the principles of Green Analytical Chemistry. This review discusses the increasing use of natural materials—such as cellulose-based materials, cork, or wood—as well as innovative strategies to tailor their properties in order to achieve the sensitivity and selectivity required for analytical applications. Sustainable materials can also be developed through green synthetic approaches applied to widely used materials, including molecularly imprinted polymers, carbon-based materials, and metal-organic frameworks, among others. These approaches often involve the use of monomers derived from natural sources, environmentally friendly solvents such as water or deep eutectic solvents, or energy-efficient synthetic techniques. The incorporation of these sustainable materials into extraction techniques—especially microextraction—contributes to the development of more environmentally responsible analytical methods. This article highlights recent applications of such materials in the analysis of environmental, food, and biological samples. • Sustainable materials as efficient sorbents in analytical chemistry. • Natural materials provide efficient, low-cost and eco-friendly extraction options. • Introduction of green synthesis methods of sustainable materials. • Applications of sustainable materials deeply reviewed and discussed.