Fascioliasis and anisakidosis highlight the need for integrated One Health approaches to food safety and security.

Food-borne parasitic diseases pose an escalating challenge to global food security, public health, and sustainable food systems, particularly in the context of climate change, environmental disturbance, globalised food trade, and shifting dietary practices. Within a One Health framework, fascioliasis and anisakidosis represent two globally distributed and increasingly important helminth zoonoses that span terrestrial and aquatic food systems, affecting livestock, fisheries, and human populations. Fascioliasis, caused by Fasciola spp., remains a major constraint on livestock productivity and a neglected human disease linked to the consumption of contaminated freshwater plants and water, while anisakidosis, caused by anisakid nematodes, is an emerging seafood-borne zoonosis associated with raw or undercooked marine products and allergic disease. Both infections are recognized by the FAO/WHO of the United Nations and are listed among the top-ranked food-borne parasites of global public health importance, reflecting their disease burden, wide geographic distribution, and implications for food safety. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the epidemiology, transmission pathways, clinical manifestations, and socio-economic impacts of fascioliasis and anisakidosis, with particular emphasis on their relevance to global food security and Advancing One Health. By examining these two complementary case studies, this review underscores the urgent need for integrated surveillance, improved diagnostic capacity, effective prevention strategies, and cross-sectoral collaboration to mitigate the impact of food-borne helminth zoonoses and to safeguard the safety, resilience, and sustainability of global food systems.