Yong E. Zhang, Yong E. Zhang, Youming Zhang, Youming Zhang
Phage therapy often fails when bacteria evolve resistance. We argue that phage selection should begin with receptors whose modification imposes predictable costs, turning resistance into reduced virulence, antibiotic resensitization, or other exploitable trade-offs. Receptor-constrained evolutionary traps offer a framework for designing phages that steer-not merely suppress-bacterial evolution effectively.