Yan-Ruide Li, Yichen Zhu, Lili Yang
In vivo chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) engineering has advanced into clinical trials with encouraging safety and efficacy. Technology breakthroughs, including targeted lipid nanoparticles, genetically modified lentiviruses, and optimized CAR constructs, have enabled precise, efficient, and safe gene delivery. This forum summarizes innovations accelerating the clinical translation of in vivo CAR engineering for immunotherapy.