Decorin modulates the JAK-STAT signaling pathway to affect the proliferation and apoptosis of Sertoli cells in Kecai yak.

Yaks are vital livestock in mountainous regions. The quantity of Sertoli cells in the testes is crucial for male reproductive function. Decorin (DCN) is vital in processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and secretion. Primary Sertoli cells from yaks were isolated and purified through a mixed enzyme digestion method, and confirmed using RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence assays. Interfering with the DCN gene enhanced cell proliferation while reducing apoptosis. In contrast, overexpressing the DCN gene suppressed cell proliferation, downregulated the expression of Sertoli secretory functional genes, and promoted Sertoli cell apoptosis. KEGG pathway analysis of Sertoli cells subjected to DCN gene interference and overexpression revealed significant enrichment in the TNF, MAPK, NF-κB, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways (P < 0.05). Moreover, DCN modulates proliferation, secretion and apoptosis via the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Collectively, these findings provide a fundamental theoretical basis for elucidating the regulatory mechanism of DCN in modulating the biological functions of yak Sertoli cells.