Building information modelling maturity assessment for industry 5.0 with prescriptive capability pathways

The construction industry’s digital transformation through Building Information Modelling (BIM) requires a systematic maturity assessment to guide organisational development toward Industry 5.0 (I5.0) principles. Current methods rely heavily on manual evaluation, are exposed to inter-evaluator variability, provide limited computational support, and often overlook the ethical, social and policy implications of technological adoption in emerging economies. This study develops the BIM Maturity Model 5.0 (BMM 5.0), a hybrid computational decision-support framework for BIM maturity assessment. The framework combines Fuzzy Inference Systems for linguistic uncertainty, Shannon Entropy for data-driven criteria weighting, and Elimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalité with n Categories (ELECTRE TRI-nC) for non-compensatory classification across six I5.0-aligned assessment dimensions. BMM 5.0 is demonstrated through a pilot application to eight Brazilian construction projects using the open-source Python tool Maturity Assessment with Fuzzy & Entropy in ELECTRE TRI-nC (MAFE-Tri). Results show that seven projects, representing 87.5% of the sample, reached the C4-Integrated maturity level, while one infrastructure-constrained project was classified as C3-Development, with a maturity score of 28%. These findings suggest that BIM maturity is shaped by organisational, infrastructural and contextual conditions, and should be read as pilot evidence rather than confirmatory validation beyond the studied sample. BMM 5.0 supports on-demand computational assessment under expert oversight, reduces evaluation variability, and generates prescriptive capability-building pathways for sustainable digitalisation. Although empirically applied to construction, its methodological core may be adapted to other domains; however, such transferability requires sector-specific redesign, recalibration and empirical validation. BMM 5.0 connects computational assessment with governance, workforce development and digital inequality concerns, supporting more inclusive and resilient digital transformation.