Ternary signal amplification platform based on β-CD/NADH/MoS2 for ultrasensitive detection of acetaminophen in human serum by CV/DPV dual-signal.

Accurate detection of acetaminophen (AP) in human serum is essential to ensure clinical safety. Herein, an electrochemical detection platform was developed by modifying a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with β-CD, NADH, and MoS2, which produced triple synergistic signal amplification to achieve a nearly 2-fold cooperative amplification effect. The modification process of β-CD/NADH/MoS2/GCE was systematically verified by SEM, XPS, FT-IR and BET. The electrooxidation of AP on the electrode was confirmed to involve 2 electrons and 2 protons via density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), the platform exhibited an ultra-wide linear range (1.00-3000.00 μM), an extremely low limit of detection (100.00 nM), excellent stability and anti-interference ability. Its recovery rate in actual serum samples was 92.14%-106.19%, showing superior detection performance to UV-Vis spectroscopy and fluorescence methods, and this simple, low-cost platform has significant practical value for clinical AP detection.