Wireless electrochemiluminescence biosensor for organophosphorus compounds using a smartphone camera and a wirelessly transmitted voltage device

Organophosphorus compounds (OPs) are widely used as pesticides and flame retardants but pose a threat to the environment and public health due to their harmful effects on humans, such as neurotoxicity. Conventional analytical methods such as GC-MS and HPLC are highly sensitive, but have significant limitations in terms of cost, portability, and applicability in the field. To address these issues, we propose a fully wireless, portable electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor that enables real-time monitoring of OPs through smartphone-based detection and inductive energy transfer. This sensor combines acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition with luminol-based ECL detection and achieves a detection limit of 0.0018 ppm for key OPs such as chlorpyrifos oxon, diazinon oxon, and triphenyl phosphate (TPhP). This integrated system shows great potential for rapid and cost-effective environmental diagnostics, meeting the growing demand for IoT-enabled, field-deployable sensor platforms.