Developing a marine and fisheries blue economy index for Indonesia: A comprehensive assessment framework

Indonesia, as the world's largest archipelagic nation, possesses vast marine resources vital to its economic and ecological sustainability. To promote sustainable marine development aligned with Blue Economy principles, this study introduces the Marine and Fisheries Blue Economy Index (MFBEI). The index evaluates Indonesia’s 37 provinces through a multidimensional framework comprising four key dimensions: policy, ecology, economy, and social. Utilizing a weighted sum method and incorporating three weighting scenarios (equity, preservationist, and extractive-use), the MFBEI offers a comprehensive assessment of blue economy performance. Findings indicate that provinces such as East Java, South Sulawesi, Central Java, and Maluku consistently rank high across multiple dimensions due to robust governance, ecological richness, and socio-economic engagement. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) classifies provinces into four clusters based on shared characteristics. The study highlights the importance of tailored strategies in addressing regional disparities and underscores the MFBEI’s role in supporting Indonesia’s Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries' (MMAF) five strategic initiatives. Ultimately, the MFBEI serves as a vital tool for tracking progress, guiding policy, and fostering equitable and sustainable marine resource management.