Magnetic catalysis in environmental remediation: From mechanism coupling to techno-economic analysis driven by TEA, LCA, and ML

Environmental pollutants, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), characterized by their high volatility, toxicity, and diffusivity, pose significant threats to both human health and ecological systems. Among the numerous environmental remediation technologies, catalytic reactions have emerged as a crucial approach for pollutant treatment, leveraging their advantages such as high efficiency and continuous operation. Nevertheless, traditional catalytic technologies suffer from issues like insufficient catalyst activity and stability. Applying catalytic reactions enhanced by magnetic fields in environmental catalysis has proven to be a promising method, garnering significant attention due to its advantages of environmental friendliness and unique catalytic properties. However, the processes and mechanisms underlying magnetic catalysis remain insufficiently explored. This review presents a systematic synthesis of recent progress in magnetic catalysis, systematically discusses the fundamental principles of magnetic fields, as well as the mechanism driving magnetic catalysis. Furthermore, the review comprehensively summarizes the technological advantages and recent advancements in implementing magnetic catalysis for the degradation of diverse environmental pollutants, with a particular emphasis on VOCs as a representative category. Additionally, the work explores future development strategies for magnetic catalysis through the lenses of technical economic analysis (TEA), life cycle assessment (LCA), and machine learning (ML). Finally, the current limitations and challenges in this field are discussed. This review focuses on providing a scientific basis for magnetic catalysis-based environmental remediation. It is hoped that this paper will offer references for the research and technological development in the field of magnetic catalysis, and simultaneously provide different perspectives for in-depth exploration of pathways to improve catalytic efficiency.