Enhanced supercapacitive behavior of triazine-based covalent organic framework hybridized with WO3 and carbon nanotubes

In this study, a triazine-based covalent organic framework (COF) hybridized with tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ) was synthesized via a solvothermal method using n -butanol and ortho -dichlorobenzene as solvents. The resulting COF-WO 3 composite was mechanically ground and combined with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to fabricate a ternary COF-WO 3 -CNT electrode. Structural and morphological characteristics were investigated using complementary analytical techniques. Electrochemical performance was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements. The COF-WO 3 -CNT electrode exhibited a specific capacitance of 77.0 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 0.1 A g⁻¹, outperforming both the binary COF-WO 3 composite and the individual components. The electrode also demonstrated good cycling stability, retaining 95.4% of its initial capacitance after 4000 charge-discharge cycles, with stable charge-discharge profiles. Furthermore, the corresponding energy and power densities were calculated, indicating the suitability of the COF-WO 3 -CNT composite for practical supercapacitor applications. The enhanced electrochemical performance is attributed to the synergistic interaction between the porous COF structure, pseudocapacitive WO 3 , and the conductive CNT network. These results highlight COF-WO 3 -CNT as a good electrode material for advanced supercapacitor systems.