Arjun Maity
Electromagnetic (EM) shielding plays a crucial role in modern technology, protecting sensitive electronic devices from interference and ensuring efficient operation. This review explores the basic ideas of polymer nanocomposite-based EM shielding, emphasizing the mechanisms and theories that underlie its effectiveness. Understanding shielding processes of polymer-based EMI shields is crucial, given the growing demand for electronic devices and the pervasiveness of EM interference (EMI). The literature on EM shielding mechanisms is summarized in this review, which also clarifies important theories, including absorption, reflection, and multiple internal reflections in materials. It also looks at how polymeric nanocomposites' special structural and material characteristics can improve shielding efficacy. By analyzing the theoretical frameworks and experimental findings, this review unveils the intricate interplay between material properties and EM shielding performance. It discusses the influence of factors like filler type, concentration, morphology, and interface on shielding effectiveness (SE), providing insights into optimizing polymer nanocomposite designs for superior EMI mitigation. Thus, this review consolidates the theoretical foundations and practical insights into EM shielding mechanisms. It underscores the significance of polymer-based nanocomposites as promising candidates for next-generation EMI shielding materials, offering a pathway towards developing smart polymers with tailored properties for diverse applications in electronics and telecommunications. • EMI shielding mechanisms (reflection, absorption, and multiple internal reflections) reviewed. • How structural variations affect nanocomposite EMI shielding performance. • Filler type, loading, morphology, and interfacial interactions effect on EMI SE conversed. • Theoretical models and experiments combine to bridge knowledge gaps and summarize findings. • The design principles towards optimizing smart EMI shields identified and discussed.