Comparing professional identity in nursing: Insights from veterans and non-veterans.

BACKGROUND: Professional identity in nursing (PIN) is central to nurse well-being, retention, and professional development; however, limited research has examined how military service influences PIN. PURPOSE: This multi-method study explored PIN perspectives between veteran and non-veteran registered nurses and explored factors influencing identity development using the International Society for Professional Identity in Nursing (ISPIN) Conceptual Model. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional survey of 114 registered nurses (RNs) used the 30-item Professional Identity in Nursing Scale (PINS 2.0). Non-parametric tests and correlations examined group differences and associations. Semi-structured interviews with five veteran and five non-veteran nurses were analyzed using the four ISPIN Domains. RESULTS: Participants rated their own PIN higher than their colleagues in their work environments. Non-veteran nurses reported significantly higher self-rated Values and Ethics scores than veterans, particularly for integrity, caring, empathy, and autonomy. Previously serving military nurses reported higher Values and Ethics, Knowledge, and Professional Comportment than those currently serving. Age and RN experience positively correlated with PIN. Qualitative findings revealed distinct yet complementary expressions of values, knowledge, leadership, and professional comportment. CONCLUSIONS: PIN is shaped by both military and civilian socialization. Mentorship, structured professional development, and reflective learning are essential to support PIN across diverse nursing pathways and transitions.