Temperature dependent viscosity of hybrid nanofluid flow in a rotating channel

This work investigates the three-dimensional flow and heat transfer behavior of graphene oxide-copper hybrid nanofluid dispersed in a water-ethylene glycol (50:50 volume%) hybrid nanofluid flow in a channel. The lower wall of the channel has linear velocity in the opposite direction while the upper wall is fixed. The system is assumed in a rotating frame of reference. The problem is significant because rotating channel flows are frequently seen in rotating equipment, cooling systems, microfluidic devices, and intricate thermal engineering applications that demand improved heat transfer efficiency. A highly nonlinear partial differential system is developed, which is then transformed into ordinary differential form and numerically solved using the shooting technique. The influence of numerous parameters such as different shapes of nanoparticles (bricks, cylinders, and platelets), Reynold's number, rotating parameter, volume fraction parameters and heat generation on temperature and velocity profiles are shown qualitatively through diagrams. The resulting behavior shows that the nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid produced by ranging volume fractions cause a decrease in the velocity profile and an increase in the temperature profile. Moreover, solid bonding of hybrid nanofluid causes a significant increase in thermal conductivity, resulting in a rise in the temperature profile. Furthermore, the temperature profile is influenced by the shape of nanoparticles, so the nanoparticle having a brick shape leads to this classification, followed by cylindrical and platelets. The novelty of the present study is based on the analyses a rotating channel flow containing a graphene oxide-copper hybrid nanofluid with opposite wall motion, which has received less attention in previous research, particularly for water-ethylene glycol-based hybrid suspensions under rotating conditions.