Prophylactic and therapeutic effects of aspirin in cancer.

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is the oldest synthetic drug and is recognized for its analgesic, antipyretic, antiplatelet effects, and mediators in inflammation. The available research evidence shows that aspirin prevents precursor lesions and cancers, and has therapeutic properties against certain cancer types. This review explores the pharmacological properties of low-dose aspirin related to its preventive effects on cancer, emphasizing the possible mechanisms of action involved in cancer control. It discusses the modulation of signaling pathways related to inflammation, regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis associated with tumor growth, inhibition of metastasis, and regulation of the immune response. Furthermore, aspirin could be a very promising drug for adjuvant treatment in cancer patients and with implications in the prevention of certain types of cancer.