Hiroki Kaneta, Tomoyuki Nakasa, Dilimulati Yimiti, Dan Moriwaki, Riku Kawasaki, Toshihiko Ogura, Shigeru Miyaki, Nobuo Adachi
, oral administration of GDEVs to CAIA mice reduced arthritis severity, attenuated synovitis, preserved cartilage integrity, and suppressed osteoclast activation. GDEVs were stable against gastric digestion and were efficiently taken up by intestinal cells, supporting their oral availability. Microarray and RNA sequencing identified miR-149 as a key regulatory molecule in GDEVs, associated with the suppression of inflammation-related signaling pathways, including Ras signaling and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. These findings highlight the potential of GDEVs as an anti-inflammatory therapy for RA. Given their stability and bioavailability, the oral administration of GDEVs could be a promising non-invasive treatment for future clinical applications.