Heth Sethia, Abhishek Priyam
The use of hydrogen fuel cells has greatly increased in recent years. Advanced fuel cells are efficiently addressing the needs of portable power, backup power, and even modular power fuel cells. It has also been used to power cars and other vehicles. Hydrogen fuel cells are now specialized under the name portable power modules to highlight their newly discovered vehicle-mountable outboard engines. This review also targets the other issues of handling and encasing hydrogen fuel in specialized containers. All these gaps that revolve around the modern world are intertwined with one advancing vehicle engine to fix the ever-increasing global warming levels. Challenges faced by cost, storage, and infrastructure barriers are addressed, in addition to technological advancements in catalyst effectiveness, membrane technology, and hydrogen supply logistics. The report ends with a visionary outlook, outlining research avenues to drive the shift to a hydrogen economy. • Hydrogen fuel cells are now widely used for portable power, backup systems, and modular energy units. • Advanced fuel cells, known as portable power modules, are being integrated into vehicles and outboard engines. • Major issues include high cost, storage and infrastructure limitations, and the need for improvements in catalyst and membrane technologies. • The technology supports the global shift toward a hydrogen-based economy and helps combat global warming.