Abdominal obesity, dynapenia, and cardiometabolic risk in patients with chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND: Dynapenic abdominal obesity (AO) is a recognized risk factor for hospitalization, disability, and mortality. OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between AO, dynapenia, and their coexistence with cardiometabolic risk factors in non-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 91 patients at a nutrition and nephrology outpatient clinic in Bahia, Brazil. Adult and elderly individuals were classified into four groups based on handgrip strength and waist circumference: 1) non-AO/non-dynapenic (NAO/ND), 2) non-AO/dynapenic (AOD) (NAO/D), 3) AO/ND, and 4) AOD. Cardiometabolic risk was assessed via demographic, clinical, lifestyle, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters. Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA, Chi-square tests, and Poisson regression were used for analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of AO/ND, NAO/D, and AOD was 58.2%, 38.5%, and 18.7%, respectively. In adjusted models, AO/ND was associated with increased body mass index (prevalence ratios [PR]: 1.15; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.04-1.27). NAO/D was associated with hyperphosphatemia (PR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.06-2.94). AOD was associated with diabetes mellitus (PR: 4.7; 95% CI: 1.44-15.7) and smoking (PR: 5.7; 95% CI: 1.26-25.5). CONCLUSIONS: AO, dynapenia, and their coexistence were significantly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with early-stage chronic kidney disease, underscoring the importance of regular adiposity and muscle strength assessment in clinical practice.