Research progress on micro/nano materials and low surface energy modification in superhydrophobic coatings

Superhydrophobic coatings have attracted considerable attention in the field of materials science in recent years, primarily driven by their distinctive surface properties and extensive application potential in areas such as self-cleaning, anti-corrosion, oil-water separation, anti-icing, and drag reduction. The fabrication of such coatings relies on two fundamental principles: the construction of micro/nano-scale rough structures and the modification of surfaces with low surface energy substances. This review systematically summarizes the commonly used micro/nano materials for constructing surface roughness and the substances frequently employed for low surface energy modification. It further elaborates on the practical applications of these micro/nano materials and modifying substances in the preparation of superhydrophobic coatings and discusses future development prospects of superhydrophobic coatings. This review aims to offer a comprehensive reference for advancing the research and application of superhydrophobic coatings, thereby facilitating innovation and progress in their utilization across diverse domains.