Advances, analysis, and prospects in Co-based electrocatalysts for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation reaction

Electrocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMFOR) has gained widespread acclaim for enabling sustainable synthesis of premium-value chemicals, notably 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), driven by its integration with renewable electricity and exceptional product selectivity. Among various catalysts, Co-based electrocatalysts are deemed as highly active and cost-efficient alternatives for this reaction, leveraging their robust redox capabilities, tunable electronic structures, and adaptability to synergistic design strategies. This assessment elucidates a comprehensive portrayal of recent progress and innovations in Co-based electrocatalysts for HMFOR. It begins by unraveling the mechanisms of Co-based electrocatalysts in facilitating HMFOR. Subsequently, advanced design strategies encompassing morphology design, defect engineering, and interface engineering for these catalysts are discussed. Afterwards, representative Co-based electrocatalysts for HMFOR are featured, including: (i) Co-based phosphides, (ii) Co-based sulfides, (iii) Co-based borides, (iv) Co-based oxides, (v) Co-based hydroxides, and (vi) Co-based porous frameworks. Lastly, this review highlights recent advancements, critical bottlenecks and upcoming scholarly priorities within this burgeoning domain. It is evident that Co-based electrocatalysts hold substantial promise as pivotal platforms for electrocatalytic biomass valorization.