Xinyi Yun, Ziyue Li, Zi Yan, Shiyu Li, Zhenning Dai, Jintao Hu, Yueyi Ren, Liming Huang, Qingshi Wang, Chengyu Zhang, Jianxin Li, Chunnuan Deng, Han Liu, Weihan Zheng, Chong Zhong, Ziqi Zhang
, PLA-196 scaffolds accelerated cranial defect healing, achieving 62 % bone volume fraction and robust vascularization within 8 weeks. This study demonstrates a scalable, biocompatible platform for fabricating hierarchically structured bone scaffolds that bridge the gap between structural complexity and biological efficacy, offering significant potential for clinical translation in regenerative medicine.