Phylogenetic and Functional Analyses of Wheat TaMAN Genes Responding to Salinity and Pathogens.

Endo-β-1,4-mannanases (MANs) are glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5) enzymes that degrade cell wall mannan polysaccharides and participate in plant growth and stress adaptation. This gene family has not been systematically characterized in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Here, we identified 24 TaMAN genes (TaMAN1-TaMAN24) genome-wide and analyzed their phylogeny, gene structures, chromosomal distribution, synteny, and promoter cis-acting elements. Expression profiles under biotic and abiotic stresses were investigated using public databases, salt-stress RNA-seq, and RT-qPCR. TaMAN proteins (386-475 aa) were mainly predicted to localize in the extracellular space. Phylogenetic analysis divided them into three groups, with Groups II and III representing monocot-specific expansions. Family expansion was driven primarily by whole-genome duplication, supplemented by tandem duplication on homoeologous group 6. Promoters were enriched in hormone- and stress-responsive cis-acting elements (ABRE, as-1/CGTCA-motif, W box). TaMAN1, TaMAN5, TaMAN8, TaMAN9, TaMAN16 and TaMAN19 were significantly induced by powdery mildew, while TaMAN3, TaMAN4 and TaMAN19-TaMAN22 rapidly responded to salt stress. This study provides candidate genes for disease-resistant and salt-tolerant wheat breeding.