Kensuke Ishiguro, Karin Midorikawa, Naoki Shigi, Satoshi Kimura, Aivar Liiv, Takeshi Yokoyama, Takuhiro Ito, Mikako Shirouzu, Jaanus Rèmme, Kenjyo Miyauchi, Tsutomu Suzuki
C2501) impaired anaerobic growth. Biochemical studies showed that these rRNA modifications stimulate protein synthesis. The cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the ribosome indicated that these hypoxia-induced modifications stabilize the P-site and the PTC. These findings demonstrate that ribosomes are activated by hypoxia-induced modifications to enhance translational capability and thereby survival, under anaerobic conditions.