Priyambada Singh, Laiba Arsi
Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes most opportunistic infections and chronic illnesses such as cystic fibrosis, urinary tract infections, and burns. During invasion, P. aeruginosa releases exopolysaccharides, matrix proteins, and DNA, causing persistent infections. These substances encircle bacterial cells to produce biofilms. P. aeruginosa biofilms produce multiple drug resistance, making single antibiotic therapies difficult. The development of anti-biofilm pharmaceuticals is imperative. Quorum-sensing inhibitors, antimicrobial peptides, photodynamic therapy, and bacteriophage therapy provide novel therapeutics for P. aeruginosa biofilms. This paper succinctly outlines the genesis of P. aeruginosa biofilms and evaluates anti-biofilm treatment technology to suggest novel approaches for treating biofilm infections. Non-antibiotic methods like as quorum sensing inhibition, nanoparticles, and phage therapy show promise. Clinical application encounters challenges related to cost, adverse effects, and safety concerns. Research, clinical development, and investigations into host-pathogen interactions are essential to combat P. aeruginosa . Antibiotic overutilization and slow antibacterial advancement are concerns. Innovative platforms are required to evaluate and cultivate new therapies for refractory diseases, particularly multi-drug-resistant bacteria. Progress in research methodology and technology has uncovered molecular, mechanistic, dynamic, and comprehensive insights into diseases. P. aeruginosa biophysical characteristics, virulence factors, behaviours, host defence mechanisms, and invasive regulators is presented. This review article discusses the novel research and development of innovative therapeutics for clinically relevant pathogen.