Pathipati Hareesha, Devaraju Terepogu, Gopi Krishna Pitchika, Buddolla Viswanath
Antibiotic therapy significantly disrupts the gut microbiota, leading to dysbiosis and impacting the secretion of gut hormones crucial for metabolic regulation, appetite control, and immune homeostasis. This review explores how probiotics can help restore microbial balance and modulate gut hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and ghrelin, which are key regulators of metabolic processes including insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, fat storage, and appetite. The mechanisms involve microbial metabolite signaling, host-epithelial interactions, and communication along the gut-brain axis. The current review synthesizes information on the effects of antibiotics on the enteroendocrine network and investigates how probiotics might alleviate these disturbances through direct and microbiota-mediated pathways. Emerging technologies such as metagenomics and metabolomics are paving the way for targeted probiotic interventions. While current findings show promising potential, further rigorous clinical trials are essential to fully understand and apply these microbiome-based strategies for managing antibiotic-induced metabolic and inflammatory conditions. • Probiotics restore gut hormone balance after antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. • GLP-1, PYY, and ghrelin are key targets in probiotic-endocrine modulation. • Gut-brain axis mediates probiotic effects on mood, appetite, and metabolism. • Omics tools enable personalized probiotics for metabolic recovery post-antibiotics.