Equity by design in artificial intelligence for primary care in low-income and middle-income countries

Primary health care is the initial point of contact for most people seeking care. Clinicians need to make rapid decisions on undifferentiated symptoms while delivering prevention and chronic care, often with scarce diagnostics, little supervision, and high cognitive load. In many low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), three constraints reinforce one another: scarcity of workforce and resources, quality gaps, and data systems that rarely return value to the point of care.