Mattia Andreoletti, Berkay Senkalfa, Effy Vayena, Alessandro Blasimme
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) testing artificial intelligence (AI) approaches in health care (AI-RCTs) mostly use measures of processes rather than measures of health outcomes. Measures of processes refer to indicators that assess the performance of a tool or an intervention, rather than their actual results. These measures include diagnostic accuracy, detection rate, specificity, time-to-test results, and workflow-related efficiency. In contrast, measures of health outcomes reflect the actual effects on patient’s health.