Ultrasound-guided cryoablation of benign thyroid nodules: 10-patient pilot study with 12-month follow-up.

This pilot study evaluated the feasibility, safety and 12-month efficacy of outpatient ultrasound-guided cryoablation for benign thyroid nodules in ten patients. Technical success was achieved in all cases without moderate or severe adverse events. Mean nodule volume decreased significantly from 26.1±13.9 mL at baseline to 16.4±10.1; 9.8±5.7; 8.8±5.2; and 10.7±7.1 mL at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively (p≤0.004 at all time points). Mean±SD volume reduction ratios were 42.3±23.9%, 65.4±14.7%, 68.4±11.9%, and 63.7±16.2%, at corresponding intervals. Technical efficacy, defined as ≥50% volume reduction was achieved in 100% at 6 months and 90% at 12 months. Progressive shrinkage or stabilization occurred in 70% of patients, while partial regrowth and complete regrowth were observed in 20% and 10%, respectively. Calcifications increased from 40% to 60% during follow-up. Ultrasound-guided cryoablation of benign thyroid nodules appeared feasible and was not associated with moderate or severe adverse events in this preliminary cohort.