Knowledge and awareness of ionizing radiation hazards in diagnostic imaging among patients at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Exposure to ionizing radiation can have harmful effects on living organisms. X-ray imaging, a common diagnostic tool, involves the use of ionizing radiation for routine medical purposes. This study aimed to assess patients' knowledge and awareness of ionizing radiation and associated hazards during diagnostic imaging at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Jeddah (KAMC-J), Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients in the Diagnostic Imaging Department at KAMC-J from September 8 to September 12, 2021, using a validated questionnaire. A total of 150 patients were invited to participate. Data were analyzed using SPSS, with descriptive statistics calculated for the demographic variables. The chi-square test was used to examine the associations between age, gender, and education level and patients’ knowledge and awareness of ionizing radiation. A total of 150 patients completed the questionnaire and were included in the study. Overall, 72 participants (48%) demonstrated general knowledge and awareness of ionizing radiation hazards, while 72 (48%) did not. A total of 92 patients (61.3%) recognized that frequent exposure to medical radiation may increase the risk of cancer, and 109 (72.7%) were aware that excessive exposure could cause skin burns or hair loss. Additionally, 109 patients (72.67%) believed that excessive exposure to harmful radiation could cause skin burns or hair loss. Most participants, 113 (75.33%), reported receiving instructions to use protective equipment, such as lead aprons and protective eyewear, and to maintain a safe distance during imaging. A statistically significant association was found between the education level and radiation knowledge (p = 0.02). Patients with higher education demonstrated moderate awareness of radiation hazards. Most participants adhered to safety measures during the imaging procedures. Structured public education programs are recommended to enhance patients’ understanding of the potential risks associated with ionizing radiation.