Maria Jaensson, Ylva Thernström Blomqvist, Emma Olsson
Background Working as a neonatal nurse requires advanced clinical skills and the ability to support stressed and anxious parents. However, little is known about how newly employed nurses are onboarded into this complex care environment. This study aimed to map onboarding practices for newly hired nurses in Swedish neonatal units. Methods A national cross-sectional survey was sent to all nurse managers in Swedish neonatal units (n = 37). Eighteen managers participated (response rate 53%). Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively, and free-text responses were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Results All responding units reported hiring newly graduated nurses. The typical onboarding period was 10–12 weeks. Structured mentorship programs were reported by 11 units, while competency assessment tools were used in a minority of units. Free-text responses described a competent neonatal nurse as someone who works proactively, understands the rationale behind interventions, and anticipates deterioration. Conclusion Onboarding practices vary substantially across units. Common elements include extended introductions and structured mentorship, whereas formal specialist education is less emphasized.