An overview of post-stroke disability

Stroke remains a leading cause of disability worldwide, impacting millions of survivors with long-term neurological and functional impairments. Advances in acute stroke treatment have improved survival rates, but post-stroke disability (PSD) continues to pose significant challenges. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the common types of PSD, including motor dysfunction and spasticity, cognitive impairment, dysphagia, depression, epilepsy, aphasia, pain, and fatigue. Each of these conditions affects patients' independence, quality of life, and long-term prognosis. Current management strategies emphasize a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating pharmacological interventions, rehabilitation techniques, and innovative therapies such as neuromodulation. Addressing these challenges through early intervention and comprehensive care strategies may improve outcomes and reduce the societal burden of PSD. Further research is needed to refine diagnostic criteria, optimize rehabilitation protocols, and explore personalized interventions, particularly in Asian populations. Collaborative efforts among clinicians, researchers, and policymakers will be essential in enhancing post-stroke care and fostering long-term recovery.