Advances in sorbents for the removal of uranium from aqueous systems.

Uranium is an element known for its notable chemical toxicity and relatively low radiation risk. It poses a danger to the environment and health, especially in countries such as Kazakhstan, where uranium mining is prevalent. These elements can leach into different water sources during mining, processing and waste management, which requires the use of effective disposal methods. Several treatment technologies have been developed for uranium remediation. Among these options, adsorption is particularly promising due to its high efficiency, straightforward operation, affordability and low risk of secondary pollution. Recent years have seen a growing research focus on advanced nanosorbents as a new generation of adsorbents. MXenes, metal-organic frameworks, and covalent-organic frameworks are particularly prominent due to their large surface area, adjustable pore structures, numerous functional groups, and strong affinity for U(VI). These materials have improved adsorption capabilities even in complex aqueous environments. Ongoing research is crucial to developing effective, sustainable, and scalable uranium disposal solutions that protect water resources and enhance environmental safety in uranium-rich regions. This review article discusses the environmental challenges related to uranium and highlights advanced sorbents as essential materials for removing uranium from aqueous systems.