Tserenlkham Byambadorj, Jiawei Zhang, Yumin Li, Fan Wang, Qian Liu, Ming Chen
Supercapacitors are emerging as critical components in smart grid systems and electric vehicles due to their high-power density, rapid charge-discharge capabilities, and outstanding cycle stability. Carbon-based electrode materials are distinguished by their high electrical conductivity, electrochemical stability, and commercial viability. Particularly, biomass-derived carbons have drawn more attention due to their affordable price, renewable nature, and adjustable properties. In practical applications, biomass-derived carbon still needs to overcome significant challenges, including structural inefficiency, chemical instability, and performance limitations. This review offers a thorough overview and discussion of synthesis techniques and structural control for biomass-derived carbon materials, explores the relationship between biomass precursors and carbon properties, which include morphological control, structural design, and various application strategies. This review also presents an update on recent processes in biomass-derived carbon for supercapacitor. Furthermore, critical performance parameters, future research directions, several potential development challenges, and effective solutions are elucidated. This perspective aims to guide the sustainable and scalable development of high-performance biomass-based supercapacitor electrode materials. This review provides a more comprehensive understanding of designing biomass-derived carbons with optimal electrochemical characteristics in the future.