Bioactivity and potential applications of surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler-containing dental materials for geriatric oral health: A scoping review

This scoping review explores the potential applications of surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler-containing dental materials in geriatric dentistry. A literature search across four databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science) identified 324 articles, of which 51, including 39 in vitro , 1 in situ , 1 preclinical, and 10 clinical studies, met the inclusion criteria. These reports demonstrate that, across the domains of preventive, restorative, endodontic, and prosthodontic dentistry, S-PRG filler-containing materials consistently exhibit bioactive properties, such as fluoride-release and recharge, multi-ion release, acid-buffering, anti-demineralization, remineralization, and antimicrobial activity. In preventive dentistry, S-PRG filler-based dentin coating agents, varnishes, and toothpastes show promising effects for caries prevention and periodontal pathogen control. In restorative dentistry, S-PRG filler-based composites and adhesives demonstrate bioactivity and favorable long-term clinical results. In prosthodontics, S-PRG filler-based denture base resins, tissue conditioners, and denture adhesives offer protective and antimicrobial effects. These multifunctional properties support the roles of S-PRG filler-containing dental materials as both preventive and therapeutic agents for managing common oral health issues in older adults, including root caries, periodontal disease, and denture stomatitis. Further clinical and longitudinal studies are needed to confirm their effectiveness and guide their use in geriatric care.