Recent advances in integrated CO2 capture and electrochemical conversion to value-added chemicals and fuels

Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture and conversion technologies have emerged as promising approaches to mitigate rising atmospheric CO 2 levels while simultaneously enabling to production of value-added chemicals and fuels. In particular, integrated CO 2 capture and utilization (ICCU) has gained attention due to its ability to eliminate energy-intensive steps including the capture media regeneration and compression, thereby offering the improved energy efficiency over conventional independent CCU systems. This review begins by tracing the historical development of CCU and provides a comparative assessment of independent versus integrated CCU systems, with a particular focus on energy requirements and production costs. To elucidate the technological progress of ICCU, we discuss state-of-the-art studies based on four different CO 2 capture media. Finally, the critical perspectives on the current challenges and future directions in this field, emphasizing the need to achieve high CO 2 conversion efficiency, enhanced Faradaic efficiency, and reduced cell voltage for scalable industrial applications, are offered. • Explain the differences between independent and integrated CO 2 capture and conversion systems. • Classify four representative routes of integrated CO 2 capture and conversion systems based on reaction characteristics • Discuss the advantages and challenges of the four integrated systems, particularly regarding CO 2 conversion efficiency and selectivity. • Review the major obstacles to commercializing integrated systems and suggest directions.