Strengthening Global Health Governance: Recommendations for the World Health Organization in Future Pandemic Responses.

OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic exposed critical vulnerabilities in the World Health Organization's (WHO) governance structures, raising significant concerns about its capacity to manage global public health crises. Governance challenges, including delayed responses, inadequate international coordination, and communication failures, undermined public trust and global health security, necessitating rigorous ethical examination of WHO's institutional decision-making processes. This article examines WHO's pandemic response through ethical frameworks-particularly care ethics-while evaluating how governance challenges affected public trust and safety. It also proposes evidence-based recommendations for strengthening WHO's governance in future pandemic responses. METHODS: A critical analytical approach was employed to evaluate WHO's policy decisions and communications throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on miscommunications surrounding airborne transmission and asymptomatic infections. The study examined WHO's adherence to transparency, evidence-based decision-making, and international collaboration using care ethics as the primary evaluative framework. RESULTS: Key governance failures were identified, including miscommunications that significantly compromised public trust and safety. Targeted recommendations include enhancing transparency in scientific communication, strengthening evidence-based policies, integrating digital technologies for real-time surveillance, and bolstering education and training for public health officials. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Adopting recommendations, including enhanced transparency, strengthened evidence-based policies, and deeper international collaboration, could substantially improve WHO's preparedness and effectiveness. By embedding ethical considerations into its decision-making processes and fostering a more resilient and equitable global health framework, WHO can better address public health challenges and restore public trust globally.