Wenyu Cui, Zhangying Wang, Xiangyuan Li, Sheng Chen, Di Wang
Clinical immunology is increasingly recognizing diet not merely as baseline metabolic sustenance but as a tunable pharmacological tool. By targeting conserved nutrient-sensing networks and the microbiome, defined nutritional protocols-such as fasting mimetics and specific macronutrient titrations-can actively rewire immune responses. In this review, we examine how manipulating macronutrient stoichiometry, systemic energy availability, and chrononutrition can be strategically deployed to enhance antitumor immune efficacy, promote tissue regeneration, and drive the resolution of chronic inflammation. Finally, we dissect the translational bottlenecks that must be overcome to elevate dietary strategies from broad lifestyle guidelines to prescribable precision immunotherapies.