Appearance cannot be deceptive in plants: Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of a xerophytic and industrially important plant to water stress

• This study analyzed variation in argan morpho-physiological parameters under water stress (WS). • WS levels significantly affected Argan seedling growth and morphology. • Relationships between physiological parameters and morphological traits were discussed. • Critical WS tolerance thresholds affecting Argan seedling survival and resilience were determined. • Moderate WS enhanced osmotic adjustment and WUE, demonstrating adaptive drought-resistance mechanisms.