Extraction and dyeing behaviour of natural colourant from Garcinia morella fluid for cotton fabric

The Garcinia morella tree produces a yellowish fluid that was historically used as the main pigment for bright yellow colour. This research aims to obtain and analyze a novel natural dye extract from Garcinia morella fluid and to explore its potential use in dyeing cotton fabrics. The dye extract was derived from the fluid of Garcinia morella using an aqueous extraction technique. Characterization of the extract was conducted using several analytical methods, including pH, GC-MS, FTIR, UV-Vis, Raman and CV measurements. The aqueous dye extract was applied to cotton fabric, and the dyeing conditions were optimized, including temperature, time, and liquid ratio (LR). The fabric samples were treated with three different mordants using two mordanting methods before and after the dyeing processes. The performance of the dyed fabric samples was evaluated based on their colour properties (fastness and colourimetric values), Levelness and UV protection properties. The aqueous extract of Garcinia morella fluid exhibited a bright yellow hue with a pH of 5.82. The analytical method used to identify functional groups, chemical composition and electrochemical properties of the fluid extract. The optimized dyeing conditions of LR 1:20, 120 min, and 70°C were used for the dyeing process. The mordanted fabric samples showed improved colour properties, levelness, and UV protection compared to unmordanted fabric samples. This study confirms Garcinia morella fluid extract as a viable natural dye for cotton fabrics suitable for textile applications. This study presents three unique contributions of the use of Garcinia morella fluid extract as a dye for cotton fabric, the application of CV measurements to analyse the electrochemical features of the dye extract, and the investigation of the UV protection properties of the dyed fabric samples.