The impact of organ transplantation on changes in the oral microbiome, particularly on bacteria causing periodontal inflammation - narrative review.

With the development of technology and medicine, more and more diseases in today's world are becoming curable. Ultimately, when there is no improvement in health and a deterioration in the efficiency or functionality of a given organ, organ transplantation becomes the only option. In 2024 alone, data from the Global Observatory on Donation and Transplantation indicate that over 173, 000 organ transplants were performed worldwide, reflecting a consistent upward trend in recent years The introduction of a "foreign" organ into the body is not without consequences. Clinical manifestations may vary, including, among others, transplant rejection. These alterations may also extend to highly sensitive biological environments such as the oral microbiome, particularly affecting bacterial populations implicated in gum/gingival inflammation. This publication shows what microbiological changes can be caused by the transplantation of certain organs and whether, in general, every transplant means the same change in the oral microbiota.