Electrochemical nanobiosensors for low-cost clinical diagnosis

This review highlights the recent advancements of electrochemical nanobiosensors for low-cost clinical diagnosis and POC testing, as well as their potential obstacles and future directions These sensors offer a promising route towards low-cost point-of-care (POC) diagnostics by combining nanomaterials with electrochemical transduction principles to make clinical diagnosis more accessible and user-friendly, particularly in resource-limited settings. Their performance characteristics of high specificity, sensitivity, miniaturization, and ease of use make them excellent for the detection of a wide range of target analytes, including biomarkers for infectious diseases, cancer, and metabolic disorders. This review examines the different types of electrochemical nanobiosensors, their potential applications in low-cost clinical diagnosis, current challenges, and possible prospects. To solve the remaining issues and realize the full capacity of these technologies to improve healthcare access and affordability on a global level, we point out the importance of further research and development. • Enhanced sensitivity and selectivity, leading to low detection and high specificity. • Nanomaterial used contribute to improved signal transduction and biorecognition. • Versatility of the nanobiosensors across different clinical areas. • Low-cost devices and easy to use outside of traditional laboratory settings. • Affordable and accessible diagnostic tools for point-of-care applications.