An IoT integrated home energy management system: an optimized solution towards real-time energy resources monitoring and climate-based decision support

• Effective energy utilization – A priority for the modern world with challenges in carbon emissions. a. • An internet-of-thing (IoT)-based home energy management (HEM) system proposed. • Real-time monitoring of photovoltaic (PV) system and climate conditions. • Empower consumers to make optimal energy choices. • Efficient remote load management with energy usage monitoring. With an increased share of renewable energy (RE) in the supply, energy-efficient technologies pose significant challenges for reducing carbon emissions. Although these challenges are addressed by demand-side management (DSM)-based strategies that power distribution companies (PDCs) employ to ensure effective energy utilization, this raises further questions about system reliability. A control strategy is required to enable users to adjust their domestic load in accordance with their individual needs and preferences. To address this issue, an Internet of Things (IoT)-based home energy management (HEM) system is proposed to efficiently regulate the energy loads of users. The proposed study also provides real-time monitoring of power parameters for the installed photovoltaic (PV) systems and climate conditions. It also takes adaptive decisions on load management by generating the patterns towards annualized power generation and consumption. To evaluate the proposed scheme, two categories of the loads are defined, which are 1) fixed loads, and 2) deferrable loads. From the perspective of PDCs, deferrable loads can be controlled remotely without user participation. On the other hand, consumers are free to employ fixed loads. Performance evaluation represents an effective management and monitoring of energy usage while efficiently reducing the energy expenditures and giving consumers remote access to their residential loads.