An impact risk assessment methodology for the evaluation of the economic, social and operational resilience of critical infrastructures

Critical infrastructures are increasingly exposed to multi-hazard events and cascading failures arising from their interdependencies. This paper refines and extends the MARIS methodology, originally developed for the analysis of dependency risks, by integrating recovery dynamics and probabilistic modeling of disruption parameters. The enhanced framework supports a comprehensive assessment of cascading effects and resilience across social, economic, and operational dimensions. Its application to the city of Camerino (Italy) illustrates the practicality of the approach in a real urban setting. Results highlight differing resilience levels along dependency chains and offer insights for preparedness and mitigation planning. Overall, the study confirms the potential of MARIS as a transparent and adaptable decision-support tool for resilience planning under multi-hazard conditions.