Cellulose-based gel electrolytes: A systematic review on preparation, structure-property relationships and applications.

Cellulose, as the most abundant natural polymer, offers renewability, biocompatibility, and high mechanical strength, positioning it as an ideal matrix for developing sustainable gel electrolytes. This review provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of recent advances in cellulose-based gel electrolytes (CGEs), with particular emphasis on preparation methodologies, structure-property relationships, and performance optimization strategies. A classification framework is established based on crosslinking and non-crosslinking mechanisms. Both aqueous and organic cellulose gel electrolyte systems are comprehensively covered, with in-depth analysis of ion transport mechanisms, dendrite suppression strategies, low-temperature adaptability, and interfacial stabilization. This review aims to advance the diversified development and practical deployment of CGEs toward high-performance, safe, and sustainable battery technologies.