Examining the Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Landscape in Food-Producing Animals.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in food‑producing animals is a One Health priority with documented public‑health and economic relevance, prompting countries to strengthen surveillance systems. This review focuses on antibacterial resistance in terrestrial food-producing animals; companion animal and aquatic animal species surveillance is beyond its scope. This review provides a high-level comparative analysis of existing AMR monitoring practices, identification of strengths and limitations, and future directions across major World Organisation of Animal Health (WOAH) countries. Findings indicate varying levels of system maturity, with established programs in the USA, Canada, and the European Union (EU), while emerging systems frequently lack essential funding, national coordination and crucial data transparency. Persistent structural and operational gaps include delayed reporting, limited data transparency, and inconsistent and non-standardized testing methodologies. The review outlines strategic recommendations for governments to establish comprehensive national surveillance systems, mandate data transparency, and invest in long-term infrastructure and workforce capacity. Strengthening veterinary AMR monitoring is critical not only for safeguarding public and animal health but also for driving scientifically based policy decisions and thereby advancing the Global One Health objectives.